下肢外骨骼結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與控制
- 文件介紹:
- 該文件為 docx 格式,下載需要 20 積分
- 外骨骼廣泛存在于自然界,許多動(dòng)物都有不同形式的外骨骼,諸如犰狳的鎧甲,穿山甲的鱗片。本質(zhì)上都是一種可以給他們提供保護(hù)的堅(jiān)硬外部結(jié)構(gòu),幫助他們抵御天敵,躲避自然災(zāi)害。人類從生物學(xué)中得到啟示,發(fā)現(xiàn)外骨骼所具有的巨大潛力,并希望設(shè)計(jì)一種外骨骼來(lái)幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)能受損的人類。因此近些年來(lái)許多研究單位和高校都致力于開(kāi)發(fā)能為人體提供支持和保護(hù)的外骨骼機(jī)器人。作為一種全新領(lǐng)域的機(jī)器人,它不僅可以幫助那些肢體受損的殘障人士恢復(fù)行走,還可以增強(qiáng)人體的負(fù)重水平,故可用于交通、建筑、機(jī)械、軍事、醫(yī)護(hù)等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。
目前已知的下肢外骨骼大多為了實(shí)現(xiàn)快速精確的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制,采用傳統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)形式,將剛性驅(qū)動(dòng)器安裝在主動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)的位置上,使得結(jié)構(gòu)龐大復(fù)雜,重量居高不下最終使得關(guān)節(jié)位置與人體契合度不高,穿戴不便舒適性降低。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,本文主要研究人體下肢的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理,分析閱讀國(guó)內(nèi)外最新下肢外骨骼的研究情況,形成自己獨(dú)立的思考。開(kāi)發(fā)一種全新的下肢外骨骼,設(shè)計(jì)完成其主體結(jié)構(gòu)和各項(xiàng)配置。力求達(dá)到輕量化、小型化的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),本文創(chuàng)新性的采用了繩驅(qū)的方式,將驅(qū)動(dòng)器與下肢外骨骼本體分離,驅(qū)動(dòng)器統(tǒng)一安裝于背部,從而減少穿戴患者負(fù)擔(dān)。最后,對(duì)其硬件例如主控器、傳感器、電機(jī)及驅(qū)動(dòng)器等進(jìn)行選型,在LabVIEW環(huán)境編程,對(duì)控制方案進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),搭建運(yùn)動(dòng)控制的試驗(yàn)平臺(tái),最終對(duì)該下肢外骨骼的結(jié)構(gòu)和控制方案進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。外骨骼廣泛存在于自然界,許多動(dòng)物都有不同形式的外骨骼,諸如犰狳的鎧甲,穿山甲的鱗片。本質(zhì)上都是一種可以給他們提供保護(hù)的堅(jiān)硬外部結(jié)構(gòu),幫助他們抵御天敵,躲避自然災(zāi)害。人類從生物學(xué)中得到啟示,發(fā)現(xiàn)外骨骼所具有的巨大潛力,并希望設(shè)計(jì)一種外骨骼來(lái)幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)能受損的人類。因此近些年來(lái)許多研究單位和高校都致力于開(kāi)發(fā)能為人體提供支持和保護(hù)的外骨骼機(jī)器人。作為一種全新領(lǐng)域的機(jī)器人,它不僅可以幫助那些肢體受損的殘障人士恢復(fù)行走,還可以增強(qiáng)人體的負(fù)重水平,故可用于交通、建筑、機(jī)械、軍事、醫(yī)護(hù)等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。
目前已知的下肢外骨骼大多為了實(shí)現(xiàn)快速精確的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制,采用傳統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)形式,將剛性驅(qū)動(dòng)器安裝在主動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)的位置上,使得結(jié)構(gòu)龐大復(fù)雜,重量居高不下最終使得關(guān)節(jié)位置與人體契合度不高,穿戴不便舒適性降低。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,本文主要研究人體下肢的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理,分析閱讀國(guó)內(nèi)外最新下肢外骨骼的研究情況,形成自己獨(dú)立的思考。開(kāi)發(fā)一種全新的下肢外骨骼,設(shè)計(jì)完成其主體結(jié)構(gòu)和各項(xiàng)配置。力求達(dá)到輕量化、小型化的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),本文創(chuàng)新性的采用了繩驅(qū)的方式,將驅(qū)動(dòng)器與下肢外骨骼本體分離,驅(qū)動(dòng)器統(tǒng)一安裝于背部,從而減少穿戴患者負(fù)擔(dān)。最后,對(duì)其硬件例如主控器、傳感器、電機(jī)及驅(qū)動(dòng)器等進(jìn)行選型,在LabVIEW環(huán)境編程,對(duì)控制方案進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),搭建運(yùn)動(dòng)控制的試驗(yàn)平臺(tái),最終對(duì)該下肢外骨骼的結(jié)構(gòu)和控制方案進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
關(guān)鍵詞:下肢外骨骼;機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì);運(yùn)動(dòng)控制程序
ABSTRACT
The exoskeleton is widespread in nature, and many animals have different forms of exoskeletons, such as the armor of a mandarin duck and scales of pangolins. Essentially, it is a hard external structure that can provide them with protection, helping them to resist natural enemies and avoid natural disasters. Humans have been inspired by biology and found that the exoskeleton has great potential, and he hopes to design an exoskeleton to help humans with motor impairment. Therefore, in recent years, many research institutes and universities have devoted themselves to developing exoskeleton robots that can provide support and protection for the human body. As a brand-new robot, it can not only help those physically disabled people with disabilities to resume walking, but also increase the body's weight-bearing capacity. It can be used in various fields such as transportation, construction, machinery, military, and medical care.
Currently known exoskeleton of the lower extremity is mostly used for fast and accurate motion control. The conventional drive form is adopted. The rigid driver is installed on the position of the active joint, so that the structure is large and complex, and the weight is high and the joint position is not compatible with the human body. High, inconvenient wearable comfort is reduced. In view of the above problems, this paper mainly studies the movement mechanism of the lower limbs of the human body and analyzes the research situation of the latest exoskeleton exoskeletons at home and abroad to form their own independent thinking. Develop a brand new lower limb exoskeleton designed to complete its main structure and configuration. In order to achieve the goal of lightweight and miniaturization, this article innovatively adopts the rope drive method to separate the driver from the exoskeleton body of the lower extremity and install the driver on the back, thereby reducing the burden on the patient. Finally, select the hardware such as master controller, sensors, motors, and drivers, program in the LabVIEW environment, design the control scheme, build a motion control test platform, and finally perform the structure and control scheme for the exoskeleton exoskeleton. verification.
Key words: Lower limb exoskeleton robot;mechanical design;motion control program
目 錄
摘 要 i
ABSTRACT i
目 錄 I
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 課題來(lái)源及研究意義 1
1.1.1 課題來(lái)源 1
1.1.2 研究意義 1
1.2 下肢外骨骼研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 2
1.2.1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2 驅(qū)動(dòng)形式 4
1.3 本文研究?jī)?nèi)容 5
第二章 下肢外骨骼總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.1 人體下肢運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律 5
2.1.1 人體基本面和基本軸 5
2.1.2 人體下肢運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理 6
2.2 設(shè)計(jì)原則 7
2.3 整體方案 7
2.3.1 整體方案 7
2.3.2 整體尺寸 8
2.4 本章小結(jié) 9
第三章 下肢外骨骼結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 10
3.1繩驅(qū)動(dòng)線盤(pán)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 10
3.2 髖關(guān)節(jié)及膝關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 11
3.2.1 髖關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu) 11
3.2.2 膝關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu) 12
3.2.3 關(guān)鍵軸 13
3.3 大腿及小腿結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.4 踝關(guān)節(jié)及足部設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.5 驅(qū)動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.6 本章小結(jié) 15
第四章 下肢外骨骼運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析和零部件校核 17
4.1 D-H 模型運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)及運(yùn)動(dòng)空間分析 17
4.1.1 D-H 模型模型運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)正解 17
4.1.3 運(yùn)動(dòng)空間分析 20
4.2 膝部以下人機(jī)連接的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析 21
4.3 關(guān)鍵零件和結(jié)構(gòu)的校核 21
4.3.1 主要軸的強(qiáng)度和剛度校核 22
4.3.2 軸承的壽命校核 25
4.3 本章小結(jié) 26
第五章 變剛度驅(qū)動(dòng)器運(yùn)動(dòng)控制實(shí)驗(yàn) 27
5.1 平臺(tái)硬件選型 27
5.1.1 控制器的選擇。 27
5.1.2 電機(jī)選擇 28
5.1.3 編碼器選型 28
5.1.4 驅(qū)動(dòng)器選型 28
5.2 程序設(shè)計(jì) 29
5.21 Labview開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境 29
5.2.2 初始化程序設(shè)計(jì) 29
5.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)采集程序設(shè)計(jì) 29
5.4.4 PD控制程序設(shè)計(jì) 29
5.3 階躍響應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn) 30
5.3.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程 30
5.3.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析 30
5.4 本章小結(jié) 30
第六章 總結(jié)與展望 30
6.1 工作總結(jié) 30
6.2 工作展望 31
參考文獻(xiàn) 32
致謝 35
附錄 36
...