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混藥投料機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)

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混藥投料機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)摘要
隨著農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，越來越多的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)人員使用現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備來發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，增產(chǎn)增收，增加經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。我國的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展很快，隨著各地養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大，采用機(jī)械代替人工投飼已被普遍認(rèn)可。水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖專業(yè)戶在喂養(yǎng)魚飼料時(shí)，大多數(shù)采用人工拋料的方法。人工拋料不能保證喂料的均勻性，費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)工，勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，效率低下，甚至浪費(fèi)魚飼料及污染養(yǎng)魚水質(zhì)，影響了魚類的生長發(fā)育，增加了養(yǎng)魚成本。機(jī)械投飼有以下好處：節(jié)約飼料（較人工投飼節(jié)約10%~15%），降低了勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度同時(shí)節(jié)約了勞動(dòng)支出、增加了魚的產(chǎn)量。因此混藥投料機(jī)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。目前在淡水類漁業(yè)的養(yǎng)殖中，使用的投餌機(jī)都沒有藥物自動(dòng)噴涂系統(tǒng)，在魚業(yè)的疾病防治與治療中大多還是采用傳統(tǒng)的人工攪拌方法，這樣不但勞動(dòng)效率低，提高了工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，最主要的是傳統(tǒng)的人工攪拌方法使飼料與藥物的混合均勻度很低，這樣不但藥物的利用率低，還污染了水體，為了解決這一問題，本人在TEJ30水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖自動(dòng)投餌機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)之上研制開發(fā)了一套藥物自動(dòng)噴涂系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)設(shè)定參數(shù)為噴霧流量，噴霧時(shí)間和噴霧強(qiáng)度；同時(shí)還從工藝和性能要求方面介紹了本藥物自動(dòng)噴涂系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和工藝加工過程。
關(guān)鍵詞：水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖；機(jī)械投飼；自動(dòng)投料機(jī)；疾病防治與治療；

Abstract
With the development of the rural economy, a growing number of agricultural production, the use of modern agricultural equipment to develop production, reduce labor intensity and improve the quality of agricultural products, increase income, increase cost effectiveness. China's aquaculture industry has developed rapidly, with the various parts of the expansion culture, the use of machinery instead of manual Feeding has been generally recognized. Specialized households aquaculture fish feed in the feeding, most adopt the methods of artificial material behind. Artificial feeding can not guarantee that throw material homogeneity and time-consuming work, labor-intensive, inefficient, and even a waste of fish feed and fish water pollution, affecting the growth of fish, an increase of the cost of fish. Feeding machine has the following advantages: saving feed (Artificial Feeding savings than 10% ~ 15%), reducing the labor intensity of labor-saving expenditure at the same time, an increase of fish production. Therefore fish feeder for automatic sprinklers came into being. Freshwater fisheries in the culture category, the use of drugs are not feeding machine automatic spray system, in the fish industry for Disease Control and Prevention and treatment of the majority or the traditional method of manual mixing, so that labor is not only inefficient and labor to improve workers strength, the most important is the traditional method of manual stirring a mixture of feed and drugs is very low evenness, so that the low utilization rate of not only drugs, but also polluted the water body, in order to solve this problem, I TEJ50 of aquaculture in the automatic feeding machine the basis of a set of drug research and development of automatic spraying system, which set the parameters for the spray flow, spray time and spray intensity; At the same time from the process and performance requirements introduced the automatic spraying system of drug design and processing technology.
Key words: aquaculture; Mechanical Feeding; automatic feeding machine; disease prevention and treatment;

目錄
1 緒論···································································1
1.1 前言······························································1
1.2 魚餌投料機(jī)概述···············································1
1.2.1 我國魚餌投料機(jī)使用現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)·····························1
1.2.2 魚餌投料機(jī)的類型和應(yīng)用······························1
2 混藥投料機(jī)總體方案設(shè)計(jì)·············································3
2.1 混藥投料機(jī)的工作過程及其原理·······································3
2.2 混藥投料機(jī)的組成···················································3
2.3 混藥投料機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)··················································3
3 混藥投料機(jī)各部件計(jì)算選擇···············································4
3.1 拋料盤的計(jì)算·················································4
3.1.1 拋料盤的轉(zhuǎn)速計(jì)算··········································4
3.1.2 拋料盤功率的計(jì)算·········································5
3.1.3 拋料盤配套電機(jī)的選擇······································5
3.2 水泵的計(jì)算··············································5
3.2.1 水泵流量計(jì)算··············································5
3.2.2 水泵的揚(yáng)程計(jì)算···········································6
3.2.3 水泵功率的計(jì)算···············································8
3.2.4 水泵效率的計(jì)算········································9
3.2.5 允許吸上真空高度·············································9
3.2.6 水泵轉(zhuǎn)速·············································9
3.2.7 水泵功率·············································9
3.2.8 水泵配套電機(jī)的選擇·······································9
3.3 噴頭的計(jì)算················································10
3.3.1 噴頭進(jìn)水口直徑選擇·········································10
3.3.2 噴頭噴嘴直徑計(jì)算····································10
3.3.3 噴頭噴嘴仰角的選擇·······································10
3.3.4 噴頭壓力要求··········································10
3.3.5 噴頭流量計(jì)算·········································10
3.3.6 噴頭的有效射程·······································10
3.3.7 噴頭的噴灌強(qiáng)度計(jì)算········································11
3.3.8 噴頭的基本外形尺寸計(jì)算····································11
3.4 過濾器的選擇··············································12
3.5 噴灌管道的選取·············································13
3.6 藥箱的選取·············································13
3.7 聯(lián)軸器的選取··················································13
4 總結(jié)·······························································15
參考文獻(xiàn)·······················································15

1 緒論
1.1 前言
近些年來，隨著我國淡水養(yǎng)魚業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展和單位面積產(chǎn)量的提高，養(yǎng)魚機(jī)械已經(jīng)成為不可缺少的設(shè)備。在一定面積范圍的魚塘內(nèi)，要提高單位面積的產(chǎn)量，就必須增加魚苗的投放尾數(shù)。然而天然的飼料往往不能滿足魚類生長的需要，需要進(jìn)行人工飼料的補(bǔ)充。魚用飼料自動(dòng)投餌機(jī)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)距離，定點(diǎn)定時(shí)定量的機(jī)械投料，克服了傳統(tǒng)的人工投料勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，飼料投放不均勻，生產(chǎn)成本高等問題，實(shí)現(xiàn)了人工飼喂的機(jī)械化，自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)。隨著養(yǎng)殖現(xiàn)代化自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，采用機(jī)械化投料，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化已經(jīng)被廣泛認(rèn)可。統(tǒng)計(jì)表明：在節(jié)約飼料（較人工投喂節(jié)約10%-15%），降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度和節(jié)約成本，提高生產(chǎn)率這三項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)上，使用魚飼料自動(dòng)投餌機(jī)的漁場(chǎng)，單位每臺(tái)年效益好的在6000元左右，差的亦在1500元以上，廣大養(yǎng)殖戶尤其是大規(guī)模的養(yǎng)殖專業(yè)戶對(duì)魚飼料自動(dòng)投餌機(jī)的需求很大。
然而，雖然隨著我國漁業(yè)養(yǎng)殖的迅速發(fā)展和相關(guān)的漁業(yè)養(yǎng)殖機(jī)械的不斷更新發(fā)展，市場(chǎng)上出現(xiàn)了許許多多的各種各樣的魚用飼料自動(dòng)投餌機(jī)，但在魚類疾病的預(yù)防與治療中還處于比較傳統(tǒng)的人工攪拌階段。采用人工攪拌的方法，不但勞動(dòng)效率低，提高了工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，最主要的是還存在藥物與飼料的混合均勻度差的問題，這樣不但造成藥物的浪費(fèi)，還存在水體污染的問題.為了解決這一問題，本人在TEJ30水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖自動(dòng)投餌機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)之上，再結(jié)合實(shí)際的生產(chǎn)生活需要，開發(fā)研制了一款帶有藥物自動(dòng)噴涂系統(tǒng)的魚飼料自動(dòng)投餌機(jī)。
本設(shè)計(jì)工作主要分兩部分，第一部分是魚飼料自動(dòng)投餌機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，第二部分主要是藥物噴涂系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。兩部分的設(shè)計(jì)方案都由本人獨(dú)立完成，在設(shè)計(jì)的過程中我查閱了魚飼料自動(dòng)投餌機(jī)的相關(guān)資料和農(nóng)用噴灌機(jī)械的相關(guān)資料，在老師的指導(dǎo)和同學(xué)的幫助下順利地完成了這次設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。
設(shè)計(jì)過程中，由于本人的水平有限，必然會(huì)有很多的不足之處，敬請(qǐng)各位老師批評(píng)指導(dǎo)。
1.2 魚餌投料機(jī)概述
1.2.1我國投料機(jī)使用現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)
目前，隨著池塘精養(yǎng)高產(chǎn)、高密度養(yǎng)殖事業(yè)的發(fā)展，投餌機(jī)已在養(yǎng)殖業(yè)中普遍應(yīng)用。使用投餌機(jī)進(jìn)行定時(shí)、定量、均勻準(zhǔn)確投喂，可大幅度提高飼料的利用效率，降低餌料系數(shù)，減少養(yǎng)魚的生產(chǎn)成本，同時(shí)又能提高工人的勞動(dòng)效率，減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。可是目前生產(chǎn)中使用的投餌機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)存在著定時(shí)不準(zhǔn)確、可靠性差、投餌與間歇時(shí)間設(shè)置不合理、不能調(diào)節(jié)投餌距離、浪費(fèi)餌料等問題。研究池塘投餌機(jī)準(zhǔn)確控制系統(tǒng)，開發(fā)新技術(shù)和新產(chǎn)品，成為投餌機(jī)推廣應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題。
1.2.2漁用自動(dòng)投餌機(jī)的類型和應(yīng)用...

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