干冰清洗車電液比例控制系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)與研究
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- 干冰清洗車電液比例控制系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)與研究冰清洗車是一種以壓縮空氣作為動(dòng)力與載體,以被加速的干冰顆粒為介質(zhì)對(duì)變電站中的絕緣子進(jìn)行清洗的專用機(jī)械設(shè)備。本論文的目的是設(shè)計(jì)出一款可以自動(dòng)穩(wěn)定可靠運(yùn)行的干冰清洗車液壓控制系統(tǒng)。
本論文通過(guò)對(duì)干冰清洗車機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)、功能要求、工作原理、工藝流程的分析,設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)使用PLC控制器的液壓系統(tǒng),并將廣泛應(yīng)用于工程機(jī)械的比例控制技術(shù)引入其中,對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析研究,得到了基于電液比例控制技術(shù)的干冰清洗車控制系統(tǒng);根據(jù)液壓系統(tǒng)的控制要求,提出了一套設(shè)計(jì)高性能干冰清洗車控制系統(tǒng)的方案;首先根據(jù)要求進(jìn)行了液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),然后通過(guò)對(duì)液壓比例控制系統(tǒng)建模,借助Matlab/simulink軟件對(duì)系統(tǒng)模型進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)特性仿真與分析,得出系統(tǒng)的控制性能并不是很好;為了使系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定可靠、減小誤差和超調(diào),根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的控制要求,通過(guò)試湊法設(shè)計(jì)出合適的PID控制器。
本文研究了模糊控制方法,為馬達(dá)卷?yè)P(yáng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)了模糊控制器,并對(duì)馬達(dá)卷?yè)P(yáng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了傳統(tǒng)PID控制器與模糊控制器的建模與仿真,通過(guò)仿真結(jié)果分析得出模糊控制比PID控制得到更好的動(dòng)態(tài)性能,模糊控制的系統(tǒng)階躍響應(yīng)的超調(diào)更小,達(dá)到穩(wěn)態(tài)的時(shí)間較短;對(duì)于模型參數(shù)變化時(shí),模糊控制能夠比PID控制受到更小的影響,系統(tǒng)更穩(wěn)定,獲得的控制效果更好;通過(guò)對(duì)調(diào)平系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型的仿真與分析得出調(diào)平系統(tǒng)符合控制系統(tǒng)的要求,系統(tǒng)的控制性能達(dá)到穩(wěn)定、快速、準(zhǔn)確。
最后根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的控制要求,選擇了合適的PLC控制器、觸摸屏與傳感器等硬件,完成了系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì),然后對(duì)系統(tǒng)的軟件和觸摸屏的控制畫面進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。
通過(guò)該論文工作,將機(jī)械、電子、液壓控制等多學(xué)科技術(shù)有機(jī)結(jié)合,從理論上完成了高性能干冰清洗車電液比例控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),將對(duì)干冰清洗車實(shí)際工程設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)有很大的指導(dǎo)作用;另外,該論文的設(shè)計(jì)方法,對(duì)于工業(yè)上其他有相似功能或相似結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)也將具有重大參考意義。
關(guān)鍵詞:電液比例控制,系統(tǒng)建模,PID控制,模糊控制,PLC
ABSTRACT
Dry ice cleaning car is a kind of special device which cleans the insulator in the converting station,the transmitter dry ice granule is accecerated by the power compressed air. In this paper a dry ice cleaning car hydraulic control system is designed to work automatically and steadily.
After analyzing of the mechanism, the function needs, the working principle and the working technique procedure of the dry ice cleaning car, a hydraulic control system is designed based on PLC, and the proportion control system used in engineering machinery is used. After analyzing the hydraulic system, a dry ice cleaning car control system is gained based on electric-hydraulic proportional control system.On the request of hydraulic control system; A integrated scheme to make the dry ice cleaning car control system perform well; Firstly, on the request of dry ice cleaning car a primary hydraulic control system is designed, the mathematic models of the hydraulic proportional system is established, then analy the dynamic simulation in Matlab/simulink. It turn out to be that the control performance is not god. To make the system stable and have smaller error and smaller overshooting number, a proper PID controller is designed.
In this thesis, the Fuzzy control method was investigated, a Fuzzy controller was designed for the hydraulic motor winding system. The mathematic models of tradition PID controller and Fuzzy controller in the hydraulic motor winding system is established, after the analyses of the simulation data, it turn out to be the dynamic capacity of Fuzzy controller is better than the PID controller, Fuzzy controller has smaller overshooting number and less time to be stable in the step response, when the modle parameter is changed, the Fuzzy controller turn out to be has less effect and steadier than PID controller, the control performance is better when used Fuzzy controller. After the outcome analyses of the simulation on the mathematic models in leveling system, the result come out that the leveling system is suitable for the control request; it can work steadily, reliably, rapidly and accurately.
Finally, on the requset of the control system the right hardware components are used, such as PLC controller, touch panel, sensors, and so on, then finish the hardware design, After that finish the software system design and the control graphical panel design in touch panel.
In this thesis, by using the technique of machine, electron and hydraulic control, a high- powered electric-hydraulic proportional control system of dry ice cleaning car is finished. The method will be have large rective meaning, on the side the method of design will have large reference to other similar machine.
Key words: electric-hydraulic proportion control, system modeling, PID control, Fuzzy control, PLC
目錄
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 緒論 1
1.1概述 1
1.2研究背景及目的 1
1.3干冰清洗技術(shù)的發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀 2
1.4課題來(lái)源和關(guān)鍵研究問(wèn)題的提出 3
1.5本文主要工作 4
第二章 干冰清洗車結(jié)構(gòu)與原理 6
2.1概述 6
2.2 干冰清洗車結(jié)構(gòu)組成 6
2.2.1履帶行走與驅(qū)動(dòng) 7
2.2.2 平臺(tái)調(diào)平控制機(jī)構(gòu) 7
2.2.3固定支腳 8
2.2.4干冰清洗機(jī)集成裝置 8
2.2.5 卷?yè)P(yáng)升降機(jī)構(gòu)和噴射控制機(jī)構(gòu) 8
2.3 干冰清洗車的工作原理與工作流程 9
2.4 小結(jié) 11
第三章 干冰清洗車控制系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì) 12
3.1概述 12
3.2控制系統(tǒng)綜合分析 12
3.2.1系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求 12
3.2.2系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)原則 12
3.2.3控制系統(tǒng)總體技術(shù)指標(biāo) 13
3.3系統(tǒng)控制方案的選擇 13
3.3.1傳動(dòng)方式的選擇 13
3.3.2控制方式的選擇 14
3.3.3控制器和人機(jī)界面的選擇 15
3.4控制系統(tǒng)組成及原理 16
3.4.1調(diào)平系統(tǒng)工作原理 18
3.4.2升降機(jī)構(gòu)工作原理 20
3.5 液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.5.1液壓系統(tǒng)主要參數(shù)確定 21
3.5.2液壓系統(tǒng)控制回路設(shè)計(jì) 23
3.5.3液壓主要元件的選擇 28
3.6小結(jié) 30
第四章 升降機(jī)構(gòu)速度控制系統(tǒng)的研究 32
4.1概述 32
4.2升降機(jī)構(gòu)速度控制系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型建立 32
4.2.1比例放大器傳遞函數(shù) 32
4.2.2比例方向閥的傳遞函數(shù) 33
4.2.3閥控液壓馬達(dá)動(dòng)力機(jī)構(gòu)的傳遞函數(shù) 33
4.2.4位移傳感器傳遞函數(shù) 36
4.2.5系統(tǒng)傳遞函數(shù)參數(shù)確定 36
4.2.6特性分析 37
4.3卷?yè)P(yáng)升降機(jī)構(gòu)速度的PID控制 38
4.3.1 PID算法 39
4.3.2積分分離PID控制 39
4.3.3 PID調(diào)節(jié)器參數(shù)選擇 39
4.3.4 PID控制的Matlab仿真 40
4.4卷?yè)P(yáng)升降機(jī)構(gòu)速度的模糊控制 41
4.4.1模糊控制器的原理 41
4.4.2模糊制器各部分實(shí)現(xiàn)方法 42
4.4.3模糊控制器的設(shè)計(jì) 44
4.4.4 模糊控制的Matlab仿真 45
4.5 PID控制和糊控制的MATLAB仿真結(jié)果分析 49
4.6 小結(jié) 52
第五章 電液比例調(diào)平系統(tǒng)的研究 53
5.1概述 53
5.2電液比例調(diào)平系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型建立 53
5.2.1比例放大器傳遞函數(shù) 53
5.2.2電液比例方向閥傳遞函數(shù) 54
5.2.3閥控液壓缸的傳遞函數(shù) 54
5.3閥控缸的調(diào)平機(jī)構(gòu)仿真 57
5.3.1系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性分析及參數(shù)確定 57
5.3.2系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)仿真及分析 59
5.4 小結(jié) 62
第六章 干冰清洗車電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā) 63
6.1概述 63
6.2 PLC控制系統(tǒng)的主要硬件選擇 63
6.2.1 PLC及A/D、D/A模塊 63
6.2.2 觸摸屏 63
6.2.3 傳感器的選擇 64
6.3系統(tǒng)硬件原理圖設(shè)計(jì) 65
6.4 PLC控制程序的設(shè)計(jì) 66
6.5觸摸屏畫面設(shè)計(jì) 69
6.5.1觸模屏畫面的總體規(guī)劃 69
6.5.2 畫面的設(shè)計(jì) 69
6.6 小結(jié) 73
結(jié)論與展望 74
參考文獻(xiàn) 76
攻讀學(xué)位期間發(fā)表的論文 78
獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明 79
致謝 80
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