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輸油站場緩蝕劑阻垢劑開發與性能評價

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輸油站場緩蝕劑阻垢劑開發與性能評價在石油開采、運輸、存儲、煉化過程中，需要用到大量的化工裝置，在這些裝置的使用過程中往往會遇到嚴重的腐蝕結垢問題。其中，原油站場作為原油輸送的集散地，其管道內介質復雜多變，腐蝕和結垢問題往往更加嚴重，投加緩蝕劑是一種高效抑制金屬腐蝕的手段，而投加阻垢劑是一種常用的抑制管道結垢的手段。研發輸油站場用緩蝕劑和阻垢劑，有利于保證輸油站場正常運行，預防生產事故。因此，本文在實驗室合成了三種咪唑啉類輸油站場用緩蝕劑和四種常用的阻垢劑，采用失重法和電化學方法研究了緩蝕劑的緩蝕效率，采用靜態結垢實驗分析了原油站場阻垢規律，并評價了四種阻垢劑的阻垢率，得到了以下結論：
通過對三處在役輸油站場進行腐蝕結垢現場調研，發現在役輸油站場存在嚴重的腐蝕結垢問題，其中管道的底部、埋地管道、法蘭連接處、管道彎頭處、原油儲罐底部容易發生嚴重的腐蝕問題，管道死油段、沉積水存在處容易發生結垢問題；實驗室合成了三種咪唑啉類輸油站場用緩蝕劑，理化性能測試全部合格，電化學實驗和失重法研究表明咪唑林季銨鹽緩蝕劑的自腐蝕電流最小，腐蝕速率最慢，緩蝕效果最顯著；通過靜態結垢實驗研究了 pH、表面活性劑、溫度、鈣離子濃度對結垢的影響規律，并評價了四種阻垢劑的阻垢率，研究表明，溶液結垢率隨 pH 值的增大而增大，隨表面活性劑增加而減小，隨溫度增加而增大，隨鈣離子濃度的增大而增大；HEDP 具有最佳的阻垢性能，但其阻垢率同樣受溫度、Ca2+濃度以及 NaCO3 濃度影響，溫度在超過 70℃后，阻垢效率急劇下降，Ca2+濃度越大，緩蝕劑緩釋效率越低，NaCO3 濃度越大，阻垢效率越低。通過本文研究確定了一種最優的輸油站場用緩蝕劑和阻垢劑，有利于完善輸油站場腐蝕結垢防護體系。

關鍵詞：輸油站場；緩蝕劑；阻垢劑；失重法；電化學法；靜態結垢實驗

Development and Performance Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors and Scale Inhibitors in Oil Stations
Abstract
In the process of oil extraction, transportation, storage, and refining, a large number of chemical plants are required, and serious corrosion and scaling problems are often encountered during the use of these facilities.Therefore, in this paper, three kinds of imidazoline oil field corrosion inhibitors and four kinds of commonly used scale inhibitors were synthesized in the laboratory. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of corrosion inhibitors was studied by using weight loss method and electrochemical method. The scale experiment analyzed the scale inhibition rules of crude oil yards and evaluated the scale inhibition rates of the four scale inhibitors. The following conclusions were obtained:
Through field investigations of corrosion and scaling at three oil stations in service, it was found that serious corrosion and scaling problems exist at the oil station in service.Three kinds of imidazoline-based corrosion inhibitors were synthesized in the laboratory, and all physical and chemical performance tests were qualified.Imidazolium quaternary ammonium salt corrosion inhibitor has the most significant corrosion inhibition effect.In addition, the fouling rate of the solution increases with the increase of pH value, decreases with the increase of surfactant, increases with the increase of temperature, and increases with the increase of calcium ion concentration; HEDP has the best scale inhibition Performance, but its scale inhibition rate is also affected by temperature, Ca2+ concentration, and NaCO3 concentration.Through the study of this paper, an optimal corrosion inhibitor and scale inhibitor for the oil station is determined, which will help improve the corrosion and scaling protection system at the oil delivery station.

Key words: oil station; corrosion inhibitor; scale inhibitor; weight loss method; electrochemical method; static scale test

目錄

第 1 章引言 1
第 2 章站場腐蝕結垢現狀調研 2
2.1嵐山站調研 2
2.2黃島油庫調研 2
2.3白沙灣輸油站調研 2
第 3 章腐蝕結垢因素分析 5
3.1原油成分分析 5
3.2站內污水分析 5
3.3腐蝕產物分析 5
3.3 垢樣分析 7
第 4 章緩蝕劑合成與評價 8
4.1緩蝕劑的合成 8
4.1.1 緩蝕劑的分類 8
4.1.2 緩蝕劑的合成路線 9
4.2緩蝕劑理化性能 10
4.3極化曲線法評價緩釋效率 14
4.4失重法評價緩釋效率 16
4.1.1 失重法簡介 16
4.1.2 實驗儀器和藥品 16
4.1.3 實驗步驟 17
4.1.4 實驗條件 18
4.1.5 實驗結果 19
第 5 章阻垢劑的合成與評價 23
5.1阻垢劑的合成 23
5.1.1 阻垢劑的分類 23
5.1.2 阻垢劑的作用機理 23
5.1.3 阻垢劑的合成路線 23
5.2鈣的 EDTA 滴定法 24
5.3阻垢劑的篩選 25
5.5.1 阻垢劑篩選實驗 25
5.5.2 結果分析 25
5.5阻垢劑耐溫耐鹽性能評價 27
第 6 章結論 30
致謝 31
參考文獻 3...

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